An air vent, automatic or manual, is installed at the high point of the solar thermal collector to initially purge air. The pump, a small circulator pump using as little as 10 watts, can be powered directly by a 10-watt PV module, or a thermostatically controlled AC pump can be used. A snap-switch sensor can be installed to limit the temperature the solar tank reaches. Standard snap-switch sensors are available for 160°F or 180°F (71 or 82°C).
The following illustration includes the primary components of any open-loop direct system.
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